Components of Marsiya

Marsiya arabi lafz ‘Rasa’ se bana hai jis ka lughavi maani hota hai mayyat par rona. Marsiya ek aisi nazm hoti hai jis mein hum marne wale ke ausaaf bayan karte hain. Marsiya ki ibteda zaati, shakhsi aur tassurati nazmon se hui magar aaj Marsiya se muraad sirf wahi ek waqya hai jo takreeban1400 saalon pehle Iraq ke sheher Karbala mein pesh aya.

Arab se ye shayari jab Iran pahunchi to is ne mazeed farogh paya lekin marsiya ko asl urooj Urdu zaban mein hi mila. Meer Anees aur Mirza Dabeer ne apni mehnat-o-riyaazat se Marisya ko uski bulandi par pahunchaya.

Marsiya ab khud hi ek Sinf e Sukhan ke taur par jaana jata hai. Wo marsiya jo kisi shakhs ke liye likha gaya ho usey Shakhsi Marsiya kehte hain.

Iss blog ke zariye hum janne ki koshish karenge ki Marsiya mein kitne ajzaa hote hain. Aaiye hum jaante hain Marsiya ke ajzaa-e-tarkeebi ke baare mein.

Chehra: Chehra marsiya ka pehla juzv (part) hota hai aur iss ki haisiyat taqreeban aisi hi hai jaise Qaseede mein tashbeeb ki hoti hai. Chehre se marsiya-go apne marsiya ka aaghaaz karte hain. Ye aaghaaz mukhtalif nau’iyyat (nature) ka ho sakta hai. Maslan, Meer Anees ne Marasi-e-Anees Vol. 1 mein pehle marsiye ka aaghaaz Dua se kiya hai. Unhone Khuda se dua ki hai ki un mein woh sher-goi ki salahiyat paida kar de, chunaanche wo kehte hain:

Yaa Rab! chaman-e-nazm ko gulzaar-e-iram kar
Ae abr-e-karam! khushk zaraa’at pe karam kar
Tuu faiz ka mabda hai tavajjoh koi dam kar
Gumnaam ko e’jaaz bayaanoñ mein raqam kar
Jab tak ye chamak mehr ke partaw se na jaaye
Iqleem-e-sukhan mere qalam-rau se na jaaye

Saraapa: Marsiya ka doosra juzv saraapa hota hai jis mein kirdaaroñ ke jism, qadd-o-qaamat (stature) aur khad-o-khaal (appearance) ka naqsha kheencha jaata hai. Meer Anees ne jaa-ba-jaa mukhtalif kirdaroñ ka saraapa pesh kiya hai. Hazrat Imam Hussain ke bade bete Hazrat Ali Akbar the, woh bhi nihayat haseen-o-jameel the. Meer Anees unke baare mein farmaate hain :

Guldasta-e-Hussain mein Akbar sa gul-badan
Qurbaan jis ke tan ki nazakat pe yaasaman
Sumbul ko laaye pech mein woh zulf par shikan
Ghul tha ki tang tar kahiñ ghunche se hai dahan
Matlab khula hua hai khat-e-sabz rang ka
Ba-haashiya likha hai isi matan-e-tang ka

Rukhsat: Marsiya ka teesra juzv ‘Rukhsat’ hai. Jab koi jang ke liye jaata tha toh Ahl-e-Bayt uss ko rukhsat karte the jiss ka zikr neeche di gaye misron mein kiya jaa raha hai. Hazrat Aun, Aur Hazrat Muhammad, ye Syeda Zainab ke 2 bete hain. Agarche kamsin hain lekin shujaa’t inki sarisht mein daakhil hai un ki rukhsat ka manzar Anees yuñ bayan karte hain :

Kheme se bar-aamad hue Zainab ke jo dilbar
Dekha ki Hussain ibn Ali rote hain dar par
Bas jhuk gaye tasleem ko hazrat ki, wo safdar
Munh karke suu-e-charkh pukaare shah-e-be par
Ye wo hain jo aaghosh mein Zainab ke pale hain
Bachche bhi teri raah mein marne ko chale hain

Aamad: Aamad ko hum marsiye ka chautha (4th) juzv tasawwur kar sakte hain. Is mein marsiya-go kirdaar ki aamad pesh karta hai aur us ki shaan-o-shaukat par raushni daalta hai. Meer Anees ne apne maraasi mein mukhtalif kirdaaroñ ki aamad dikhayi hai. Hussaini Lashkar mein sab se zyada bahadur Hazrat Abbas the, Us ka sabab ye hai ki unka Ehd-e-shabab tha is liye unke baazuoñ me bachhon aur boorhon se zyada taaqat thi isi bina par unki aamad zel band mein pesh karte hain:

Aamad hai Karbala ke neestañ mein sher ki
Deyorhi se chal chuki hai sawaari diler ki
Jaasoos keh rahe hain nahin raah pher ki
Ghash aa gaya hai shah ko ye be-wajha der ki
Khushbu hai dasht, baad-e-bahari qareeb hai
Hushyaar ghaafilo ki sawari qareeb hai

Rajaz: Marsiya ka paanchvaañ juzv, Rajaz hai. Jab kirdaar maidan-e-jang mein aata hai toh wo apne Aaba-o-ajdaad ki shujaa’t ka bayan karta hai. Aur phir apni bahaduri ka qasd Aa’da (enemies) ke dil mein bithata hai. Meer Anees ne mukhtalif kirdaroñ ke rajaz ka zikr kiya hai. Hazrat Imam Hussain rajaz-khwani mein maahir the chunke woh bahot Aala Martabe ke haamil the isliye unki rajaz-khwani mein bahot asar tha. Uske sath hi is mein sadaqat bhi thi. Meer Anees ne unki rajaz-khwani par raushni daali hai :

Aa’da ki zabanoñ pe ye hairat ki thii taqreer
Hazrat ye rajaz padhte the, taule hue shamsheer
Dekho na, mitaao mujhe ae firqa-e-be-peer
Main yusuf-e-kan’aan-e-risalat ki huñ tasveer
Wallah taa’la nahin ye kalma-e-haq hai
Aalam mein muraqqa mein Hussain ek varaq hai

Jang: Marsiya ka chatha (6th) juzv jang (war) ko qarar diya jaa sakta hai. Iss mein Karbala ki jang ka naqsha kheencha jaata hai. Meer Anees ne Karbala ki jang ka naqsha kuch yuñ kheencha hai:

Neze hile, wo chal gayiñ chotein ki al-amaañ
Har taa’n qahar ki thii, qayamat ki har takañ
Chingaariyañ udeeñ jo sinañ se ladiiñ sinañ
Do azdahe guthe the, nikaale hue zabañ
Phaile sharar parindoñ ki jaaneiñ hawa huiñ
Sham’on ki theeñ laueiñ ki miliñ aur juda huiñ

Shahadat: Marsiya ka saatvañ (7th) juzv shahadat hai. Darasl shahadat ka silsila Maidan-e-Karbala se qabl (before) hi shuru ho jaata hai. Jab Ahl-e-Koofa ne Hazrat Imam Hussain ko apne watan mein tashreef laane ke liye bulaya toh unhone apne chacha ke bete Hazrat Muslim bin Aqeel ko Koofa rawana kiya aur wahan woh shaheed ho gaye. Ye band dekhiye:

Jab koofiyoñ ne koofe mein Muslim se dagha kii
Jo ahed kiya ek ne uss par na wafa kii
Kii sharm Khuda se na Muhammad se haya kii
Mazloom pe, bekas pe, musaafir pe jafa kii
Paani na dam-e-marg diya tishna-dahan ko
Kis zulm se tukde kiya aawara watan ko

Bain: Bain ko hum marsiya ka aathvañ (8th) juzv tasawwur kar skte hain. Iss hisse mein Shohda-e-Karbala par Ahl-e-Bayt bain (mourning) karte hain. Aurtein aur mard donoñ ranj-o-gham ka izhaar karte hain magar bain ka khaas taur se taalluq mastuuraat ki girya-o-zaari se hai. Meer Anees ne bain ke hisse ko bahot muassir andaz mein pesh kiya hai

Hazrat Ali Akbar sab ko azeez the iske alawa woh bahot Bahadur bhi the. Unki shaadi ka shauq Hazrat Bano aur Syeda Zainab ko bahot tha ye armaan bhi unka naa nikal saka isliye unki shahadat ka gham sab ko hua. Iss bain ka zikr Meer Anees ne nihayat muassir andaz mein iss tarah kiya hai :

Aawaz-e-Pisar sunte hi haalat hui tagh’eer
Chilla ke kaha haaye kaleje pe laga teer
Barchhii se toh zakhmi hue vaañ Akbar-e-dil-geer
Bismil se tadapne lage yaañ Hazrat-e-Shabbiir
Tha kaun uthaata jo zameeñ se unhein aa kar
Uth kar kabhi daure toh gire thokareiñ khaa kar

To read Karbala: The line of distinction between Truth and Falsehood, click here
To read the marasi of Meer Anees, click here