नज़्म का लुग़वी मआनी ‘पिरोने’ का है. जैसे अक्सर हम यह कहते भी हैं कि फ़लाँ ने फ़लाँ शे’र में फ़लाँ लफ़्ज़ जो नज़्म किया है वह ज़बान के लिहाज़ से दुरुस्त नहीं है.नज़्म (पाबन्द) की तवारीख़ देखें तो मेरे ख़याल से इसकी उम्र ग़ज़ल की उम्र के लगभग बराबर ही होगी। नज़्में बेश्तर तीन… continue reading
ज़बानें अपना कल्चर रखती हैं और वही ज़बान बड़ी तसव्वुर की जाती है जिस में ख़याल और इज़हार के लिए अल्फ़ाज़ की तंगी न हो, यूँ तो सारी ज़बानों के अपने लफ़्ज़ और अपना शब्द-कोश होता है। और दुनिया के मुखतलिफ़ हिस्सों में बस्ने वाले लोग अपनी ज़बान पर फ़ख्र भी करते हैं, इसी तरह… continue reading
Some stories never die; they are told again and again, from time to time, place to place, author to author. One such is the story of Heer and Ranjha. About six centuries old now, it was first narrated in verse by one DamodarArora during the reign of Emperor Akbar. Damodar was a native of Jhang where the story is broadly based and he had heard it from one Raja Ram Khatri who is supposed to be an eyewitness to all that happened. Since then it has been narrated variously and in various languages, both in verse and prose. One of the most notable narratives came from Waris Shah in 1766, apart from several others in Sindhi, Haryanavi, Hindi, Urdu, Persian, and English. In Persian alone, there are as many as twenty versions of this story and in Urdu not less than fifteen.
It is almost impossible to say for sure when the story of prince Manohar and princess Madhumalti was told first and by whom. It may be safe to surmise that it is essentially a travelling tale that reached different people through folklorists. Supposedly, Sheikh Manjhan was the first to write this story in Hindi under the title of Madhumalti sometime in the mid-sixteenth century. During different periods of history, this story was written and re-written at least nine times in Persian and thirteen times in Urdu with different titles.
Traced back to a canonical Sanskrit source—Saptashati—the stories of a parrot and a myna have reached larger sections of readers through Persian, Hindi, Gujarati, Marathi, Rajasthani, Bangla, and Urdu languages in India and English, French, German, and Czech languages elsewhere. There are at least six retellings available in Persian and eight in Urdu.
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